Hive启动时报错，内容如下：
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:677)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62 )
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl .java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql. metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.j ava:1523)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMeta StoreClient.java:86)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMe taStoreClient.java:132)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMe taStoreClient.java:104)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3005 )
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3024)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:503)
... 8 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAcces sorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstruc torAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.j ava:1521)
... 14 more
Caused by: javax.jdo.JDOException: Exception thrown calling table.exists() for hive.`SE QUENCE_TABLE`
NestedThrowables:
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException( NucleusJDOHelper.java:596)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersisten ceManager.java:732)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceM anager.java:752)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setMetaStoreSchemaVersion(Objec tStore.java:6773)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.checkSchema(ObjectStore.java:66 70)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.verifySchema(ObjectStore.java:6 645)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62 )
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl .java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.invoke(RawStoreProxy.java:114 )
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy6.verifySchema(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStor e.java:572)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(Hi veMetaStore.java:624)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore .java:461)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandle r.java:66)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHand ler.java:72)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMet aStore.java:5768)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreCli ent.java:199)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(Session HiveMetaStoreClient.java:74)
... 19 more
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAcces sorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstruc torAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:408)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:944)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3976)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3912)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2530)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2683)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2482)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2440)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeInternal(StatementImpl.java:845)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.execute(StatementImpl.java:745)
at com.jolbox.bonecp.StatementHandle.execute(StatementHandle.java:254)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatement(Abstract Table.java:760)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatementList(Abst ractTable.java:711)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.create(AbstractTable.java:42 5)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.exists(AbstractTable.java:48 8)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.valuegenerator.TableGenerator.repositoryExists(T ableGenerator.java:242)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.valuegenerator.AbstractRDBMSGenerator.obtainGene rationBlock(AbstractRDBMSGenerator.java:86)
at org.datanucleus.store.valuegenerator.AbstractGenerator.obtainGenerationBlock (AbstractGenerator.java:197)
at org.datanucleus.store.valuegenerator.AbstractGenerator.next(AbstractGenerato r.java:105)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.getStrategyValueForGenerator(R DBMSStoreManager.java:2005)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.getStrategyValue(AbstractStoreMan ager.java:1386)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.newObjectId(ExecutionContextImpl.java:3 827)
at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.setIdentity(JDOStateManager.java:2571)
at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.initialiseForPersistentNew(JDOStateMan ager.java:513)
at org.datanucleus.state.ObjectProviderFactoryImpl.newForPersistentNew(ObjectPr oviderFactoryImpl.java:232)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.newObjectProviderForPersistentNew(Execu tionContextImpl.java:1414)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObjectInternal(ExecutionContextI mpl.java:2218)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObjectWork(ExecutionContextImpl. java:2065)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObject(ExecutionContextImpl.java :1913)
at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextThreadedImpl.persistObject(ExecutionContextT hreadedImpl.java:217)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersisten ceManager.java:727)
... 37 more解决方法汇总：
首先请认真检查conf文件夹下的配置信息，确认无误后尝试以下方法：
- hive的版本过高导致的问题，请检查Hive和hadoop版本是有对应关系的：http://hive.apache.org/downloads.html
如版本过高请尝试降低版本 - 需要hive元数据库初始化，执行下面命令初始化即可，我就是这个问题。
schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema- HIVE_HOME/lib 下的derby-10.11.1.1.jar问题，，把derby-10.11.1.1.jar 换成derby-10.10.2.0.jar问题成功解决。